TELANGANA KAISE HUA

Telangana ka formation ek lambi aur challenging journey ka result hai, jismein decades tak chalne wala ek strong political aur social movement shamil tha. Yeh India ka 29th state bana, aur iski official formation date 2 June 2014 hai. Chaliye, is poore process ko detail mein samajhte hain.

1. Telangana Ka Historical Background (Shuruat se Andhra Pradesh tak)

Telangana region pehle Hyderabad State ka hissa tha, jis par Nizam rule karte the. 1948 mein, Indian Army ne Hyderabad State ko Indian Union mein mila liya (Operation Polo ke through).

• States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) ki recommendation (1955): 1953 mein, States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) ko states ko linguistic basis par reorganize karne ke liye appoint kiya gaya tha. SRC ne initially recommend kiya tha ki Hyderabad ko ek separate state ke roop mein rakha jaaye. Lekin, is recommendation ko maana nahi gaya.
• Andhra Pradesh ka formation (1956): 1 November 1956 ko, Telangana region ko Andhra State (jo Madras State se carve out hua tha) ke saath merge kar diya gaya, aur is tarah Andhra Pradesh state bana. Is merger ka main reason sabhi Telugu-speaking logon ko ek saath lana tha. Is merger se pehle Telangana leaders aur Andhra leaders ke beech ek Gentleman's Agreement bhi hua tha, jismein Telangana ke interests ko safeguard karne ka promise kiya gaya tha.

2. Telangana Movement ka Uday (Demand for Separate State)

Andhra Pradesh ke formation ke baad, Telangana ke logon ne mehsoos kiya ki unke region ko neglect kiya ja raha hai. Unhein laga ki budget allocation, employment opportunities aur water distribution mein unke saath injustice ho raha hai. Is wajah se, ek separate Telangana state ki demand shuru ho gayi.

• 1969 ka Jai Telangana Movement: Yeh movement bahut intense tha, jismein hazaron log, khaaskar students, ne participate kiya. Police firing mein kai logon ki jaan bhi gayi.
• Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) ka Gathan (2001): 21st century mein, Telangana movement ko ek naya mod mila jab K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) ne 2001 mein Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) party banayi. Is party ka ek hi agenda tha – separate Telangana state ki sthapna.

3. Andolan aur Political Developments (The Road to Statehood)

Aane wale saalon mein, Telangana movement aur bhi strong hota gaya.

• KCR ka Hunger Strike (2009): 2009 mein, KCR ne separate Telangana state ki demand ko lekar "fast-unto-death" shuru kiya, jisne movement ko bahut bada boost diya.
• Central Government ka Announcement (2009): 9 December 2009 ko, Government of India ne Telangana state formation process initiate karne ka announcement kiya. Lekin, Coastal Andhra aur Rayalaseema regions mein huye protests ke baad, is decision ko 23 December 2009 ko hold par rakh diya gaya.
• Srikrishna Committee (2010): February 2010 mein, Centre ne Telangana issue ko examine karne ke liye five-member Srikrishna Committee set up ki. Committee ne apni report mein united Andhra Pradesh ko recommend kiya, lekin pressure ke chalte Union Cabinet ne bifurcation bill ko approve kiya.
• Sakala Janula Samme (2011): Telangana region ke government employees ne 2011 mein "Sakala Janula Samme" (General Strike) kiya jo 42 din tak chala, separate state ki demand ko aur strong karne ke liye.
• Congress Working Committee Resolution (2013): 30 July 2013 ko, Congress Working Committee ne unanimously separate Telangana state ki recommendation ko pass kiya.

4. Legislative Process (Parliamentary Approval)

Telangana ke formation ka final stage parliamentary process se guzra.

• Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, 2014: October 2013 mein, Union Cabinet ne Andhra Pradesh ko divide karne ke proposal ko approve kiya. Iske baad, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, 2014 Parliament mein introduce kiya gaya.
  • Lok Sabha mein paas hona: 18 February 2014 ko, yeh Bill Lok Sabha mein pass ho gaya.
  • Rajya Sabha mein paas hona: 20 February 2014 ko, Rajya Sabha ne bhi is Bill ko pass kar diya.
  • President ki assent: 1 March 2014 ko, President Pranab Mukherjee ne Telangana Bill ko apni assent di, aur yeh Gazette mein publish ho gaya.

5. Telangana State ka Gathan (Official Formation)

In sabhi legislative processes ke baad, finally:

• Official Formation Date: 2 June 2014 ko, Telangana officially India ka 29th state ban gaya.
• Capital: Hyderabad ko agle 10 saal tak Telangana aur residuary Andhra Pradesh dono ki common capital banaya gaya. Iske baad, Hyderabad sirf Telangana ki capital rahegi aur Andhra Pradesh apni nayi capital banayega. Andhra Pradesh ne Amaravati ko apni nayi capital chuna hai.
• First Chief Minister: Shri K. Chandrashekar Rao Telangana ke pehle Chief Minister bane.

Is tarah, Telangana ka formation ek lambe struggle, political negotiations aur legislative action ka culmination tha, jismein logon ki self-determination ki ichha ne ek naye state ko janam diya. Yeh din har saal Telangana Formation Day ke roop mein celebrate kiya jata hai.

Official details aur Act ke liye aap Ministry of Law and Justice ki website par Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 search kar sakte hain.